All factors

Diabetes or high blood sugar

Type 2 diabetes increases dementia risk by about 60% through vascular damage, inflammation and insulin resistance in the brain.

Population risk1.1%
Evidence grademeta analysis

Why it matters

Blood sugar control through diet, exercise and medication reduces the vascular damage that accelerates cognitive decline.

What to ask at the checkup

Ask whether an A1c test is due and what the target range should be

Screening: HbA1c test

Sources

Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Commission

Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY et al.. The Lancet, 2024.

Fourteen things people can change account for nearly half of dementia cases at the population level.

Diabetes mellitus and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 prospective studies

Cheng G, Huang C, Deng H et al.. Ageing Research Reviews, 2012.

Having diabetes raised the chance of dementia by about 60 percent compared to people without it.

DOIAbstract only

Routines for this factor

Walk ten minutes after the largest meal

After the biggest meal of the day, walk for ten minutes.

10 min, difficulty 1/3

Water instead of juice or soda at one meal

Serve water instead of juice, soda, or sweetened tea at one meal today.

1 min, difficulty 1/3