All factors

Hearing loss

Untreated midlife hearing loss is the single largest modifiable risk factor identified by the 2024 Lancet Commission.

Population risk8.2%
Evidence gradecommission report

Why it matters

When the brain stops receiving sound, the areas that process language shrink. Hearing aids restore input and slow that decline.

What to ask at the checkup

Ask whether a hearing test is due and whether hearing aids would help

Screening: Audiogram or whisper test

Sources

Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet Commission

Livingston G, Huntley J, Liu KY et al.. The Lancet, 2024.

Fourteen things people can change account for nearly half of dementia cases at the population level.

Hearing intervention versus health education control to reduce cognitive decline in older adults with hearing loss in the USA (ACHIEVE)

Lin FR, Deal JA, Reed NS et al.. The Lancet, 2023.

Fitting hearing aids in at-risk older adults slowed their cognitive decline by nearly half over three years.

DOIAbstract only

Routines for this factor

Face them when you talk, TV off

Turn off background noise and face each other during conversation.

0 min, difficulty 1/3

Put captions on during dinner TV

Turn on closed captions for any TV watched during the evening.

2 min, difficulty 1/3

Book a hearing test

Call or go online and book a hearing test.

5 min, difficulty 1/3